Moses
1391 BCE — -1271
Egyptian-Hebrew
Prophet and lawgiver who led the Israelites out of Egypt and received the Torah at Mount Sinai.
Moses is regarded as the greatest prophet in Jewish tradition and the central figure of the Torah. Born in Egypt during a period of Israelite enslavement, he was raised in Pharaoh’s court before answering God’s call at the burning bush to liberate his people. He led the Exodus from Egypt, parted the Red Sea, and received the Ten Commandments and the Torah on Mount Sinai, establishing the covenant between God and the Jewish people. His leadership during forty years of wandering in the desert shaped the Israelites into a nation bound by law and faith. Moses remains the foundational figure of Judaism, and his story is retold every year at Passover as a reminder of the journey from slavery to freedom.